How to write coding for website in effective ways

 Writing code is often the most challenging aspect of any software development project. If you don't plan ahead of time – especially for large projects - the coding process and subsequent code management may become not just time demanding, but also a major hassle.

Maintainable, reusable, and testable code is desirable. The following suggestions will help you and/or your development team manage a variety of coding chores while keeping things as tidy as possible. I'll walk you through a few "best practices" that will help you write better code and make you and your team happier and more productive.

Here are the tips for writing the best code for any website.

1.      Make use of a coding system.

  It's simple to develop lousy, disorganized code, but it's much more difficult to keep it up to date. Good code adheres to a set of rules for naming conventions, formatting, and so on. Standards like this are useful because they make things deterministic for anyone who reads your code later, including you. You can make your own coding standard, but it's preferable to choose one that is widely accepted.

2.      Make Useful Remarks

Comments are extremely important. You won't appreciate them until you step away from your thousand-line script for a few days and try to decipher it. Useful comments make life easier for you and those who must maintain your code after you.

For ambiguous lines, create relevant, single-line comments; for functions and methods, write detailed parameter and functionality descriptions; for tough logic blocks, describe the reasoning in words before it if necessary. Also, don't forget to keep your comments active!

3.      Refactoring

The highly efficient work for engineers is code refactoring. Whether you like it or not, you need be reworking your code on a regular basis if you want your code to be healthy. Refactoring keeps your code in good shape, but what should you refactor and how should you refactor?

Everything, from your architecture to your methods and functions, variable names, the number of arguments a method receives, and so on, should be refactored.

Although refactoring is more of an art than a science, there are a few general guidelines that can help:

·       If your function or method is more than 20-25 lines, you're definitely cramming too much logic into it and should separate it into two or smaller functions/methods.

·       If the name of your method/function is longer than 20 characters, you should either rename it or rethink the entire function/method by going over the first guideline again.

·       If you have a lot of nested loops, you can be using a lot of resources.

·       You may be conducting some resource-intensive processing without realizing it if you have a lot of nested loops. If you're nesting more than two loops, you should rethink your logic. Three nested loops is a nightmare!

·       Consider whether there are any design patterns that your code can follow. You shouldn't employ patterns merely for the sake of utilizing them, but they do provide tried-and-true ready-made solutions that may be useful.

4.      Use names that have meaning.

Variable names like $k, $m, and $test should never be used. How do you think you'll be able to interpret such code in the future? In terms of variable names, function/method names, and class names, good code should be meaningful. $request, $dbResult, and $tempFile are some examples of meaningful names (depending on your coding style guidelines these may use underscores, Camel Case, or Pascal Case).

5.      Stay away from global code.

Global variables and loops are a pain to work with, especially when your program expands to millions of lines of code (as most do!). They may have an ambiguous impact elsewhere in the code or generate name conflicts. Consider if you want to clutter the global namespace with variables, functions, loops, and so on.

In an ideal world, there should be no global blocks defined. That's correct. All switch statements, try-catch, for each, while-loops, and similar constructs should be included within a method or function. Methods should be defined inside class definitions, and namespaces should contain class and function definitions.

6.      Use Structures That Are Meaningful

It's critical to build your application properly; avoid complicated structures at all costs. Use a naming convention that you and your team agree on or one that is associated with your coding standard, when naming folders and files. Always separate the four components of a typical PHP application - CSS, HTML Templates/Layouts, JavaScript, and PHP Code – and strive to separate libraries from business logic for each. It's also a good idea to keep your directory structure as short as possible to make it easy to traverse and locate the code you need.

7.      Use software for version control.

For version control, good development teams used CVS and diff patches in the past. Nowadays, however, we have a wide range of options. Managing changes and revisions should be simple but effective, so choose the version control software that best fits your development team's workflow. I prefer to use a distributed version control system such as Git or Mercurial, which are both free software/open source and quite powerful.

8.      Make Use Of Automated Construction Tools

To prepare, compress, and deploy your source, try using tools like Ant or Phing. Building your entire application with a single command is a fantastic method to avoid the errors and omissions that come with repetitive activities, and it's a common need for automated testing strategies.

9.      Use code documentation tools.

You should have automatically generated API documentation for large applications that span numerous classes and namespaces. This is quite helpful in keeping the development team informed about what's going on. And if you're working on multiple projects at once, such documentation will come in handy because you might forget about structures when going back and forth between them.

10.  Use a Framework for Testing

There are numerous tools that I value, but the frameworks that aid in the automation of the testing process are by far my favorites. Every component of your million-dollar application requires testing (particularly systematic testing). For unit testing your PHP classes, PHPUnit and SimpleTest are useful tools. I recommend SeleniumHQ tools for GUI testing.

This is an overview of some of the best practices for writing better code, including how to use a coding standard to unify code formatting across the entire team, the importance of refactoring and how to embrace it, and how to manage your codebase with professional tools such as testing frameworks, code documenters, and version control. If you haven't already done so, it's well worth your time to do so and get your team on track.